A Hot Air Oven operates based on the principle of dry heat sterilization, where hot air is circulated within the oven to sterilize or dry various materials. The oven uses electrical heating elements to produce heat, which is then distributed evenly throughout the chamber using a fan or natural convection. This process ensures that the temperature is maintained consistently, making it ideal for applications in laboratories, medical, and industrial fields. The controlled environment within the oven effectively eliminates microorganisms, moisture, and other contaminants from items placed inside.